DDoS attack extensively existed have been mortal threats for the software-defined networking (SDN) controllers and there is no any security mechanism which can prevent them yet. Combining SDN and network function virtualization (NFV). a novel preventing mechanism against DDoS attacks on SDN controller called upfront detection middlebox (UDM) was proposed. The upfront detection middleb... https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/ketchup-no-sugar/